coupling constant - definitie. Wat is coupling constant
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Wat (wie) is coupling constant - definitie

PARAMETER DESCRIBING THE STRENGTH OF A FORCE
QCD scale; Gauge coupling; Running coupling; Coupling strength; Strength constant; Running coupling constant; Coupling constants; Strong coupling constant

coupling constant         
¦ noun Physics a constant representing the strength of the interaction between a particle and a field.
Gravitational coupling constant         
  • Diagram of torsion balance used in the [[Cavendish experiment]] performed by [[Henry Cavendish]] in 1798, to measure G, with the help of a pulley, large balls hung from a frame were rotated into position next to the small balls.
  • Timeline of measurements and recommended values for ''G'' since 1900: values recommended based on a literature review are shown in red, individual torsion balance experiments in blue, other types of experiments in green.
PHYSICAL CONSTANT RELATING THE GRAVITATIONAL FORCE BETWEEN OBJECTS TO THEIR MASS AND DISTANCE
Newton's constant; Universal gravitational constant; Gravitation constant; Gravitational field strength; Universal Gravitational Constant; Gravitational Constant; Newtonian constant; Gravity constant; Newton constant; Newtonian constant of gravitation; Gravity's constant; Constant of gravitation; Newtonian gravitational constant; Constant of gravity; Newton's Universal Gravitation Constant; Grav const; Cavendish constant; Gravitational coupling constant
In physics, a gravitational coupling constant is a constant characterizing the gravitational attraction between a given pair of elementary particles. The electron mass is typically used, and the associated constant typically denoted .
Coupling         
  • A beam coupling
  • Highly flexible coupling
  • An elastic coupling (for connecting a [[windsurfing]] sail rig to the board)
MECHANICAL CONNECTION BETWEEN TWO OBJECTS
Gear coupling; Oldham coupler; Oldham coupling; Oldham joint; Elastic coupling; Double-slider coupling; Slider coupling; Muff coupling; Beam coupling; Couplings; Shaft coupling; Tapered shaft lock; Power Lock; Keyless shaft locking device; Flexible coupling; Diaphragm coupling
·p.pr. & ·vb.n. of Couple.
II. Coupling ·noun The act of bringing or coming together; connection; sexual union.
III. Coupling ·noun A device or contrivance which serves to couple or connect adjacent parts or objects; as, a belt coupling, which connects the ends of a belt; a car coupling, which connects the cars in a train; a shaft coupling, which connects the ends of shafts.

Wikipedia

Coupling constant

In physics, a coupling constant or gauge coupling parameter (or, more simply, a coupling), is a number that determines the strength of the force exerted in an interaction. Originally, the coupling constant related the force acting between two static bodies to the "charges" of the bodies (i.e. the electric charge for electrostatic and the mass for Newtonian gravity) divided by the distance squared, r 2 {\displaystyle r^{2}} , between the bodies; thus: G {\displaystyle G} in F = G m 1 m 2 / r 2 {\displaystyle F=Gm_{1}m_{2}/r^{2}} for Newtonian gravity and k e {\displaystyle k_{\text{e}}} in F = k e q 1 q 2 / r 2 {\displaystyle F=k_{\text{e}}q_{1}q_{2}/r^{2}} for electrostatic. This description remains valid in modern physics for linear theories with static bodies and massless force carriers.

A modern and more general definition uses the Lagrangian L {\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}} (or equivalently the Hamiltonian H {\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}} ) of a system. Usually, L {\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}} (or H {\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}} ) of a system describing an interaction can be separated into a kinetic part T {\displaystyle T} and an interaction part V {\displaystyle V} : L = T V {\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}=T-V} (or H = T + V {\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}=T+V} ). In field theory, V {\displaystyle V} always contains 3 fields terms or more, expressing for example that an initial electron (field 1) interacted with a photon (field 2) producing the final state of the electron (field 3). In contrast, the kinetic part T {\displaystyle T} always contains only two fields, expressing the free propagation of an initial particle (field 1) into a later state (field 2). The coupling constant determines the magnitude of the T {\displaystyle T} part with respect to the V {\displaystyle V} part (or between two sectors of the interaction part if several fields that couple differently are present). For example, the electric charge of a particle is a coupling constant that characterizes an interaction with two charge-carrying fields and one photon field (hence the common Feynman diagram with two arrows and one wavy line). Since photons mediate the electromagnetic force, this coupling determines how strongly electrons feel such a force, and has its value fixed by experiment. By looking at the QED Lagrangian, one sees that indeed, the coupling sets the proportionality between the kinetic term T = ψ ¯ ( i c γ σ σ m c 2 ) ψ 1 4 μ 0 F μ ν F μ ν {\displaystyle T={\bar {\psi }}(i\hbar c\gamma ^{\sigma }\partial _{\sigma }-mc^{2})\psi -{1 \over 4\mu _{0}}F_{\mu \nu }F^{\mu \nu }} and the interaction term V = e ψ ¯ ( c γ σ A σ ) ψ {\displaystyle V=-e{\bar {\psi }}(\hbar c\gamma ^{\sigma }A_{\sigma })\psi } .

A coupling plays an important role in dynamics. For example, one often sets up hierarchies of approximation based on the importance of various coupling constants. In the motion of a large lump of magnetized iron, the magnetic forces may be more important than the gravitational forces because of the relative magnitudes of the coupling constants. However, in classical mechanics, one usually makes these decisions directly by comparing forces. Another important example of the central role played by coupling constants is that they are the expansion parameters for first-principle calculations based on perturbation theory, which is the main method of calculation in many branches of physics.